2019-03-20

The stringent response to environmental stress involves global regulatory consequences of a subclass of guanine nucleotides (ppGpp and pppGpp). The stringent response was first discovered in Escherichia coli undergoing starvation for amino acids.

In B. subtilis, it is the elongation itself that is controlled by (p)ppGpp because the replication forks are arrested during the stringent response. This arrest is caused by direct inhibition of the primase by (p)ppGpp, arresting the replication fork at any location when the stringent response occurs. A stringent complete response also conferred a longer time to progression compared with complete response or near complete response (50 months vs 20 months vs 19 months). Results showed that achieving a stringent complete response was an independent prognostic factor for survival (HR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.80; vs complete response; P = .008 The stringent response is a general bacterial stress response that allows bacteria to adapt and survive adverse conditions. This reprogramming of cell physiology is caused by the accumulation of In addition, the stringent response plays a role in regulation of bacterial virulence and susceptibility to antimicrobials (18, 21 ⇓ –23). The stringent response pathway is characterized by the accumulation of guanosine tetra- (ppGpp) and pentaphosphate (pppGpp), collectively referred to as alarmones [(p)ppGpp].

Background: Stringent complete response (sCR) is used as a deeper response category than complete response (CR) in multiple myeloma (MM) but may be of limited value in the era of minimal residual disease (MRD) testing. In B. subtilis, it is the elongation itself that is controlled by (p)ppGpp because the replication forks are arrested during the stringent response. This arrest is caused by direct inhibition of the primase by (p)ppGpp, arresting the replication fork at any location when the stringent response occurs. A stringent complete response also conferred a longer time to progression compared with complete response or near complete response (50 months vs 20 months vs 19 months). Results showed that achieving a stringent complete response was an independent prognostic factor for survival (HR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.80; vs complete response; P = .008 The stringent response is a general bacterial stress response that allows bacteria to adapt and survive adverse conditions.

Roles of rel(Spn) in stringent response, global regulation and virulence of serotype 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. Mol. Microbiol. 72:590–611. 4. Wayne KJ

Definition (GO: 0015968 GONUTS page). A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial 17 Oct 2019 Summary The bacterial stringent response is a response to nutrition deprivation and other stress conditions. In Gram‐negative bacteria, this 20 Mar 2019 Here we show that Mtb lacking the stringent response enzyme RelMtb was unable to slow its replication rate during nutrient starvation.

Bacteria adapt to stressful conditions by rapidly adjusting their metabolic rates via global regulatory responses. General mechanisms for adaption include the

If policies vary at the subnational level, the index is shown as the response level of the strictest sub-region. Stringent Response: The stringent acknowledgment, which is furthermore named as stringent supervision, is a stress reaction of bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to amino-acid deficiency 2008-12-12 In bacterial cells, the stringent response acts as a global regulatory system for gene expression mediated by a small nucleotide, guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp), that is 2016-09-07 The nitrogen regulation stress response and the stringent response are two major regulatory pathways in bacteria, but their mutual coordination is unclear. Here, the authors show that NtrC, the 2018-01-01 2008-02-01 Precise regulatory control of bacterial gene activation is crucial for the adaptation of pathogens to the hostile microniches of their hosts. The role of one of these global regulators, the stringent response, in pathogen virulence and persistence has recently become a favoured area of research.

Mol 20 Jul 2012 During the stringent response, Escherichia coli enzyme RelA produces the ppGpp alarmone, which in turn regulates transcription, translation 15 Mar 2018 Their research indicates that this stringent response plays a large role in skin infections, and that treatment with specific small peptides can Bacteria adapt to stressful conditions by rapidly adjusting their metabolic rates via global regulatory responses. General mechanisms for adaption include the 5 Apr 2018 The stringent response was discovered due to ''relaxed'' mu- tants of E. coli that had lost the ability to shut down rRNA and.
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2001-04-01 2011-12-30 The stringent response is a complex global gene regulation system that has been intensively studied for more than four decades. The expression profiles presented here reflect the pleiotropic nature of the stringent response and provide a temporal framework for understanding how the response develops. 2021-03-30 2012-09-20 The bacterial stringent response serves as a paradigm for understanding global regulatory processes.

Although nutritional stress is common for rhizobia while infecting This is a composite measure based on nine response indicators including school closures, workplace closures, and travel bans, rescaled to a value from 0 to 100 (100 = strictest). If policies vary at the subnational level, the index is shown as the response level of the strictest sub-region. Background: Stringent complete response (sCR) is used as a deeper response category than complete response (CR) in multiple myeloma (MM) but may be of limited value in the era of minimal residual disease (MRD) testing.
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Strikt svar - Stringent response. Från Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedin. Inte att förväxla med Astringent . Det stränga svaret ' , även kallat sträng

It is regulated by the synthesis of highly phosphorylated signaling nucleotides, (p)ppGpp or alarmone. (p)ppGpp is synthesized by ppGpp synthetases, and these proteins are classified as RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) proteins. In B. subtilis, it is the elongation itself that is controlled by (p)ppGpp because the replication forks are arrested during the stringent response. This arrest is caused by direct inhibition of the primase by (p)ppGpp, arresting the replication fork at any location when the stringent response occurs. Citation: Bouveret E, Battesti A. 2011.

stringent response. Regulators involved in the stringent response has also been found to be important for the virulence of several human pathogens, including Yersinia pestis, the bacterium responsible for the Black Death.[3] With a view to this, a synthetic inhibitor of ppGpp synthesis has recently

The initiation of the stringent response is the synthesis of a so called alarmone, (p)ppGpp. This alarmone of the stringent response controls several events in the life of a bacterium depending upon the environment in This is a composite measure based on nine response indicators including school closures, workplace closures, and travel bans, rescaled to a value from 0 to 100 (100 = strictest). If policies vary at the subnational level, the index is shown as the response level of the strictest sub-region. Stringent Response: The stringent acknowledgment, which is furthermore named as stringent supervision, is a stress reaction of bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to amino-acid deficiency 2008-12-12 In bacterial cells, the stringent response acts as a global regulatory system for gene expression mediated by a small nucleotide, guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp), that is 2016-09-07 The nitrogen regulation stress response and the stringent response are two major regulatory pathways in bacteria, but their mutual coordination is unclear. Here, the authors show that NtrC, the 2018-01-01 2008-02-01 Precise regulatory control of bacterial gene activation is crucial for the adaptation of pathogens to the hostile microniches of their hosts. The role of one of these global regulators, the stringent response, in pathogen virulence and persistence has recently become a favoured area of research.

An important group of alphaproteobacteria are the rhizobia, which fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with legume plants.